East Montgomery Times

The latest update from the Vaccine Education Center (VEC) highlights the growing concern over measles as vaccination rates decline in the United States. Dr. Paul Offit, VEC Director, describes measles as a "highly contagious respiratory virus" that can spread easily through airborne transmission. The February focus on measles aims to prepare healthcare providers for potential increases in cases and outbreaks.

Before the introduction of the vaccine in 1963, nearly everyone contracted measles by age 15, affecting millions annually in the U.S. The disease was declared eliminated by 2000 due to widespread vaccination efforts. However, recent years have seen a resurgence with 285 cases reported in 2024 compared to just 59 in 2023. As of mid-February 2025, at least 61 cases have been documented alongside two outbreaks.

Measles is notably infectious; even brief exposure to an infected area can lead to transmission. The disease manifests initially with symptoms resembling upper respiratory infections, such as high fever and the "three Cs": cough, coryza (runny nose), and conjunctivitis (red eyes). A characteristic rash follows these initial symptoms.

Healthcare providers are urged to maintain vigilance for measles symptoms, especially among unvaccinated individuals or those recently exposed to outbreak areas. Measles is a nationally notifiable disease requiring immediate reporting to public health authorities who assist with testing and community notification efforts.

Diagnosis primarily involves nasopharyngeal PCR tests, which are preferred early in illness due to their sensitivity. Urine PCR tests and IgM blood tests also aid diagnosis under specific conditions.

Management of measles focuses on supportive care including hydration and vitamin A supplementation. Complications such as pneumonia or encephalitis necessitate hospitalization.

Measles has long-term health impacts due to immune amnesia, increasing susceptibility to other infections for several years post-infection. Another serious complication is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal condition occurring years after initial infection.

Preventing measles spread requires strict infection control measures in healthcare settings and rapid response following exposure incidents. Vaccination remains critical; when coverage drops below 95%, outbreaks become more likely.

The VEC provides resources for both healthcare professionals and families seeking information on measles prevention and management strategies.